|
|
Rozbor současného stavu vybraného území v procesu pozemkových úprav
Kúr, Tom
This bachelor thesis analyzes the current state of land consolidation processes with a focus on the territorial system of ecological stability in the cadastral area of Koňákov. The literature review characterizes the landscape as a functional unit from the perspective of landscape ecology. It also explains the significance of land consolidation in conjunction with the territorial system of ecological stability as tools for protecting and creating ecologically favorable conditions in the landscape. In the practical part of the thesis, an analysis of the current state in the Koňákov cadastral area was conducted with emphasis on the territorial system of ecological stability. Based on this analysis, measures were proposed to increase the ecological stability of the area of interest. ArcGISPro software, in combination with freely available data, was used for the analysis and design, mainly consisting of map outputs.
|
|
|
Landscape-scale changes in central Europe around the Pleistocene-Holocene transition and the Anthropocene
Prach, Jindřich ; Pokorný, Petr (advisor) ; Kuosmanen, Niina Irina (referee) ; Roleček, Jan (referee)
This thesis investigates the dynamics of the central European landscape. Four case studies, exploring two key periods of environmental transformation: Late Glacial and the Anthropocene, are included. All case studies are connected by the spatial scale of interest: the landscape scale. This scale is targeted not only by the spatial extent of the sampling, but by the essence of the issues investigated, as broadly described in the introduction. The studies use disparate methods and different contexts, which helps to approach such a complex phenomenon - the landscape and its formation. The included studies are dealing with the Last Glacial landscape and vegetation by (1) comparing pollen records using modern analogues (here from Yakutia) and argues that the change at the Late Glacial/Holocene transition may not have been as great as previously thought, because at least somewhere forests may had existed during the Last Glacial being supported by permafrost melting. A follow-up study (2) explores how permafrost melting, i.e., thermokarst processes, generated an entire lake landscape whose remnants unexpectedly largely persist in the Třeboň region (southern Czech Republic) to recent times. This is followed by (3) the use of a detailed palaeoenvironmental record of the discovered lakes and their contexts...
|
|
|
Assessment of disused sand and gravel pits in the Třeboň region from the perspective of landscape ecology
Eliášová, Kateřina ; Matějček, Tomáš (advisor) ; Lipský, Zdeněk (referee)
This thesis summarizes findings gained about abandoned sand and gravel pits located in the Třeboňsko Protected Landscape Area. A study of written documents, old maps, aerial images and a field survey of selected sites were used to find out information on mining and mining pits. In the survey, erosion of mining walls, pollution, land use, land cover, dominant and invasive plant species and moisture of mining pits were monitored in sectors of approx. 1 ha or the bank length of about 500 m. A total of 127 sites was included, 37 of which were surveyed in the field. A classification has been created based on age, size, moisture conditions and current land use. Changes caused by mining, including changes in land use and land cover before and after mining, as well as the interaction of mining sites with the Territorial System of Ecological Stability (ÚSES) were also monitored. The majority of sand and gravel pits are small with an area less than 1 ha, dry pits predominate, and most sites were abandoned in the 1970s to 1990s. In about half of the cases, the land cover or land use from before mining have been restored. The main land cover change is the formation of large lakes and forests while the non-forest surface is more diversified after mining. Sites converted into arable land or built-up areas are...
|
|
|
Functional parameters of biocorridors built in fragmented cultural landscapes due to facilitation of the organism's mobility
Vaškovský, Adam ; Kovář, Pavel (advisor) ; Vojta, Jaroslav (referee)
Human caused landscape fragmentation, accompanied by loss of habitat connectivity, is currently a significant global threat to biodiversity conservation. One possible way to address this problem is to identify, establish and maintain wildlife corridors that connect isolated habitat patches to allow the movement and spread of organisms through the environment. This study based on literature review addresses the identification of relevant factors supporting functionality of wildlife corridors in various scale levels for different species or groups of organisms. Key words: biocorridor, ecoduct, barrier, landscape fragmentation, connectivity, dispersal of organisms, mobility, corridor functionality, landscape ecology
|
|
|
The importance of woodlots for birds in farmland
Rajmonová, Lenka ; Reif, Jiří (advisor) ; Zasadil, Petr (referee)
One of the outcomes of agricultural intensification is landscape homogenization, particularly obvious in developed countries. Unproductive plots of woody vegetation may represent a refuge for many species within large blocks of open areas. Eventhough it is crucial to assess the importance of such plots for animals in farmland, surprisingly, no synthesis on this topic has been published up to now. Therefore, performance of such an assessment is the main task of this bachelor thesis which is focused on birds since they heavily suffer from agricultural intensification. It was found that marginal vegetation provides not only habitat for breeding and foraging but also ecological corridor for birds᾽ short-distance movement and stopover sites for long-distance migrants. The structure of avian community is affected by specific characteristics of vegetation itself considerably and also by characteristics of landscape in smaller measure. Both farmland and forest birds occur in marginal vegetation, each of these bird groups utilizes these plots in a different way based on its ecological needs, however. The understanding of these mechanisms will allow effective conservation of biodiversity and restoration of once devastated areas. The main goal of conservation should be to ensure heterogeneous landscape mosaic...
|
|
|
Biotopes associated with migration corridor valley of the Tichá Orlice river (Eastern Bohemia, Czech Republic)
Rejzek, Tomáš ; Kovář, Pavel (advisor) ; Černý, Tomáš (referee)
Biotopes associated with railway corridor in valley of the river Tichá Orlice (Eastern Bohemia, Czech Republic) ABSTRACT Expansion, invasion or decline of plant species caused by environmental changes belong to the most important phenomenons associated with vegetation cover development. In spite of their often initiation by human activities the above mentioned processes continue then spontaneously and uncontrollably. This study is concentrated to the effect of these mechanisms on the biotope structure along the Tichá Orlice River (Eastern Bohemia, Czech Republic) - in its lowland landscape segment of the canyon character where the second axis of the valley (river flow is the first one) is created by railway line more than 150 years of local history. The case study has the general aim: to treat the present and/or future impact of described trends to plant biota and the degree of its influencing. My diploma thesis investigates functional impact and mutual interaction of the two main migration pathways of exotic species - the T.Orlice river and the railway corridor. It presents qualitative and quantitative changes in plant components of local (semi)natural biotopes by mean of interrelationships among selected ecological groups of species (neophytes, expansive species, and ephemeroids). At the same time, this...
|
|
| |
|
|
Vstupní analýza aktuálních potřeb ekologie krajiny
Drda, Jiří
Studie řeší problematiku péče o ekologický stav krajiny, a to z pohledu rozhodujících dokumentů, které budou ovlivňovat tento proces v nejbližším desetiletí. V prvé části se zaměřuje na strategii regionálního rozvoje, která se má stát stěžejní pro získávání podpory ze strany EU. V návaznosti na to je i operační plán životního prostředí a v neposlední řadě jsou to potřeby ekologie krajiny diferencované podle problémových okruhů spojených s udržitelným využíváním krajiny a se zvyšování stupně její ekologické stability. Studie vyústila do 21 doporučení. Nejzávažnější problém je absence ekologické strategie území ČR a jednotlivých krajin; tato dokumentace se musí stát základem budoucí racionální koordinace všech aktivit spojených s krajinou.
|
|
|
Krajinně ekologické a sociálně ekonomické aspekty vlivu klimatické změny na ekosystémové funkce krajiny
Drda, Jiří
Studie vychází z dlouhodobých globálních trendů a civilizačních zásahů do krajiny, specifikuje mezinárodní závazky ve vztahu k udržitelnému rozvoji krajiny (biologické, ekologické aspekty udržitelného rozvoje a jeho sociální důsledky). Zaměřuje se na minimalizaci environmentálních rizik v období negativních důsledků klimatické změny. Je hodnocen stavu životního prostředí v krajinách silně ovlivněných antropogenní činností a jsou uvedena opatření k omezení degradace prostředí jako významného krajinotvorného segmentu i z hlediska výhledových potřeb. Uvažuje krajinu jako prostor realizace udržitelného sociálně ekonomického rozvoje a navrhuje doporučení pro další koncepční činnost v péči o životní prostředí.
|
|
|
Naplnění strukturálních‚ legislativních a ekonomických ustanovení Rámcové směrnice o vodní politice v podmínkách ČR z pohledu zájmu ekologie krajiny
Jirglová, Eva
Studie řeší následující problémy: Rámcová směrnice a její obsahový vývoj, analýza používané terminologie z hlediska ekologických aspektů vzájemné souvislosti strukturálních, legislativních a ekonomických ustanovení ve vztahu k ekologii krajiny, environmentální aspekty definované v Evropské úmluvě o krajině, management péče o krajinu z hlediska péče o vodu zejména z hlediska obecné ochrany krajiny v období předpokládaných negativních důsledků klimatické změny, problém uplatnění ekologických principů v ustanoveních nového vodního zákona, koordinační funkce ekologie krajiny ve vztahu k zabezpečování požadavků EU. Na základě výsledků kritické analýzy a v zájmu pochopení celé šíře problematiky byla studie rozčleněna do částí, které nejlépe vyjadřují celkovou problematiku a umožňují vytvořit názor na rozsah nutných opatření, včetně závěrů a doporučení v zájmu péče o ekologii krajiny.
|
guest ::
